Azure RBAC: assign roles to users/groups at a scope (subscription, RG (Resource Group), resource). Built-ins like Reader, Contributor, Owner cover most cases.
Hybrid identity: Azure AD Connect (legacy) or Cloud Sync (modern) syncs on-prem AD users to Entra ID.
Azure Backup protects on-prem AND cloud workloads. Azure Arc extends Azure management to non-Azure servers.
